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Health minister visits Christchurch - By Lucy Ratcliffe, NZ Doctor Christchurch...

Continuing Education

Each topic is eligible for one credit, NZ College of Pharmacists.

Deadline: Friday, September 24, 2010, Any submissions received after deadline date will not be processed.

Article: Heart Failure

Pathogenesis of acnePropionibacterium acnes colonization plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne .

There is no genetic basis involved in the development of acne.

There are few data to support a link between diet and the development of acne.

Clinical presentationOpen and closed comedones are the hallmark of non-inflammatory acne.

Acne mechanica describes the formation of comedones resulting from repeated mechanical rubbing and occlusion.

While acne is a highly visible condition, its onset does not appear to have any impact on adolescents self esteem.

Topical therapiesTopical agents should be applied only to the individual spots or pimples.

Pharmacists should advise patients regarding minimizing the use of cosmetics.

Tretinoin is associated with fewer adverse effects than aldapalene.

Oral therapiesOral antibiotics are often used as first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe acne.

Oral retinoids are often administered in lower daily doses over a longer treatment period.

Pharmacists should be aware of the numerous side effects associated with the use of isotretinoin.

Key points for the pharmacistAdvice on skin care is important in individuals with acne.

Hormonal therapy is not considered as a first-line therapy in women with acne.

Clients may seek general advice on the management of dryness of the skin, lips, nasal mucosa and eyes.

Close last month's answers

Name: Address: Phone: Pharmaceutical Society Registration Number:

Which of the following answers are TRUE?
- Please tick (there may be more than one correct answer per question)

Burden of heart failure (HF)Following hospital admission, patients with HF experience high rates of HF-related readmission and HF-related mortality.

Maori exhibit similar rates of HF as the general population.

HF prevalence is increasing with an aging population and an increasing proportion of individuals aged over 65 years.

Definition of HFHF is characterized by typical symptoms (such as shortness of breath, exercise limitation and fatigue), and clinical signs of peripheral and/or pulmonary congestion.

HF has no significant impact on quality of life.

HF can be reliably diagnosed by evaluating left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

AdherenceInformation regarding drug treatment can be relayed to patients without the need for written instructions.

NSAIDs are an acceptable medication in patients with HF.

Patients should be asked whether they are taking any non-prescribed or over-the-counter medications or herbal preparations.

PharmacotherapyACE inhibitors but not beta-blockers should be considered in all patients with HF due to LV systolic dysfunction.

Diuretic therapy is indicated in patients with HF and clinical signs of fluid overload.

ARBs can be prescribed in addition to ACE inhibitors in patients with LVEF <45% or in patients who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors.

PharmacotherapyDigoxin should be considered in all patients with HF who are in atrial fibrillation.

In patients with HF with LV systolic dysfunction, digoxin is a first-line treatment option.

Appropriate non-pharmacological management is recommended in patients with HF with preserved LVEF.

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